Victimización Sexual en la Infancia e Intervención Basada en la Evidencia:
La Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual Focalizada en el Trauma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33898/rdp.v31i115.313Palabras clave:
intervención basada en la evidencia, terapia cognitivo-conductual, terapia del trauma, victimización sexual infantil, victimología del desarrolloResumen
La victimización sexual infantil es un grave problema que afecta a uno de cada cinco niños y niñas de nuestro país y que requiere de una intervención temprana y eficaz, que permita superar las graves consecuencias que sus víctimas manifiestan. La Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual Focalizada en el Trauma (TF-CBT) es el modelo de intervención que reúne una mayor cantidad de evidencia en cuanto a su efectividad. Con un mínimo de 8 y un máximo de 25 sesiones de 50 minutos, en las que se trabaja con la víctima de entre 3 y 18 años y sus cuidadores, se ofrece psicoeducación sobre la experiencia de victimización, se tratan habilidades parentales que pueden haberse visto afectadas por la situación, técnicas de relajación que permitan reducir la hiperactivación del sistema de afrontamiento al estrés, identificación y expresión emocional, el triángulo entre pensamientos, emociones y conductas, la narrativa del trauma y el procesamiento cognitivo de los pensamientos distorsionados, la exposición a situaciones o lugares angustiantes, así como estrategias para mejorar la seguridad en el futuro. Es necesario que los profesionales de nuestro país se puedan formar en este modelo y confirmar sus positivos resultados en el tratamiento de víctimas de abuso sexual infantil en España.
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